The challenge point can be defined as a “model that can be used to promote motor learning through manipulation of conditions of practice to modify task difficulty, that is, the interaction of the skill of the learner and the difficulty of the task to be learned” (Pollock et al., 2014). This in a sense is the ‘level’ of the task being coached. For example, if the challenge point (level) is too hard for the participants to complete, they will lose motivation and disengage within the session and vice versa with the session being too easy. Therefore, as a coach it is vital you adjust the challenge point (level) of the session that is suitable for the participants age and stage of development.
By using a constraint led approach in coaching allows for you to adapt your sessions and the challenge point to ensure participants are staying engaged throughout the session. We can do this by manipulating the session in various ways such as; constraints on the performer, constraints on the task and constraints on the environment. By manipulating these three constraints allows for the challenge point to be met at all times enabling the team to stay engaged throughout the session.
- You as a coach can increase or decrease the space/size of the area
o This allows for the change of difficulty. By decreasing the space, the participants will be more crowded, resulting in the participants having less time on the ball causing them to make decisions much quicker
- Creating areas/zones where only certain players can enter
o For example, creating channels on the wing where at least one person from each team has to be in all the time. This allows for the team to concentrate on width within the session
- By adding a ‘shot clock’ increases the challenge point
o By adding this time constraint allows for the participants to have increased pressure within the ‘D’ forcing them to make decisions quicker
o You as a coach can implement this by giving the participants limited time to shoot/score when they enter the ‘D’
- Playing with the netball rule ‘3 seconds on the ball’
o This forces the participants to lead for one and another, quick passing, more movement off the ball than on the ball
- Cones are a vital tool when adding in constraints
o You can add in ‘no go’ zones. Forcing the players to think about their spacing and movement to overcome these areas. As a coach you can mainly do this in the middle of the pitch forcing the teams to play with width.
- You can add in/take away goals.
o If participants are struggling to score, add in an extra goal, split them apart and have them apart in the corners. This allows for the participants to have a higher probability of scoring. Once the participants start scoring frequently, take away the goal again
- You can create underloads/overloads
o If a particular team is dominating the task, move a participant from that team to the other team. This allows for added pressure on that particular team
o In certain tasks, creating underloads for defenders adds in more pressure and creates a more game like realistic approach as they may experience this within a game due to different situations such as; opposition counter attacking, players not getting back quickly enough, short corners.
- Only allow certain players in certain ‘zones’
o For example, creating channels on the wings where players must stay in at all times. This allows for more pressure being put on keeping wide throughout the game.
- As a coach you can implement drills to be under pressure
o This could be within the ‘D’ and shooting towards the keeper. Putting the goalkeeper under pressure. This is beneficial as it prepares them and trains them for more game realistic practices.
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